When Collaterals Become the Outflow: A Functioning Arteriovenous Fistula Despite Brachiocephalic Vein Occlusion
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https://doi.org/10.71749/pkj.184Downloads
References
Pereira PR, Sousa C, Silva N, Francisco JA, Fructuoso M, Morgado T. Central vein stenosis in patients with central vein manipulation: a single-center experience. Port J Nephrol Hypert. 2022;36:161-4. doi: 10.32932/pjnh.2022.09.201.
Lok CE, Huber TS, Lee T, Shenoy S, Yevzlin AS, et al; National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;75:S1-S164. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001.
Agostinho C, Menezes L, Mbaia C, Afonso P. Sustained hemodialysis through thoracic collateral veins after exhaustion of conventional vascular access: a case report from a Sub-Saharan African country. Cureus. 2026;18:e108692. doi: 10.7759/cureus.108692.
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Data Availability Statement
No datasets were generated or analyzed for this Images in Nephrology submission. The clinical information supporting this case is included in the article; additional patient information is not publicly available to protect the patient’s privacy.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Beatriz Bessa, Patrícia da Fonseca Ribeiro, Sara Gomes, Susana Pereira, Ana Ventura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
