CKM Syndrome and the Missing Piece: Hemodynamics at the Core of Nephrology

Authors

  • Rafael Henriques Figueiredo Nephrology Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde São João, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-6197
  • Hugo Diniz Nephrology Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde São João, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-1338
  • Luís Coentrão Nephrology Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-5073

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71749/pkj.111

Keywords:

Cardio-Renal Syndrome/diagnostic imaging

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References

Ndumele CE, Neeland II, Tuttle KR, Chow SL, Mathew RO, Khan SS, et al. A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;148:1636-64. doi:10.1161/CIR.000000000001186

Masay ZA, Drucke TB. Combination of Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Diseases in a Syndrome Named Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic, With New Risk Prediction Equations. Kidney Int Rep. 2024;9:2608-18. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2024.05.033

Kenneally LF, Lorenzo M, Romero-González G, Cobo M, Núñez G, Górtiz JL, et al. Kidney function changes in acute heart failure: a practical approach to interpretation and management. Clin Kidney J. 2023;16:1587-99. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfa0031

Koratala A, Kazory A. Point of care ultrasonography for objective assessment of heart failure: integration of cardiac, vascular, and extravascular determinants of volume status. Cardiorenal Med. 2021;11:5-17. doi:10.1159/000510732

Lisi M, Luisi GA, Pastore MC, Mandoli GE, Benfari G, Ilardi F, et al. New perspectives in the echocardiographic hemodynamics multiparametric assessment of patients with heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2024;29:799-809. doi:10.1007/s10741-024-10398-7

Zoccali C, Torino C, Mallamaci F, Sarafidis P, Papagianni A, Ekart R, et al. A randomized multicenter trial on a lung ultrasound-guided treatment strategy in patients on chronic hemodialysis with high cardiovascular risk. Kidney Int. 2021;100:1325-33. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.07.024

Rihl MF, Pellegrini JAS, Boniatti MM. VEXUS Score in the management of patients with acute kidney injury in the Intensive Care Unit. AKIVEX Study. J Ultrasound Med. 2023;42:2547-56. doi:10.1002/jum.16288

Wong A, Oiusanya O, Watchorn J, Bramham K, Hutchings S. Utility of the Venous Excess Ultrasound (VEXUS) score to track dynamic change in volume status in patients undergoing fluid removal during haemodialysis- the ACUVEX study. Ultrasound J. 2024;16:23. doi:10.1186/s13089-024-00370-9

Saadi MP, Silvano GP, Machado GP, Almeida RF, Scolari FL, Biolo A, et al. Modified VEXUS: A Dynamic Tool to Predict Mortality in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2025:S0894-7317(25)00469-9. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2025.08.011

Núñez J, de la Espriella R, Rossignol P, Voors AA, Mullens W, Metra M, et al. Congestion in heart failure: a circulating biomarker-based perspective. A review from the Biomarkers Working Group of the Heart Failure Association, European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24:1751-66. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2664

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Published

10-10-2025

Issue

In Press

Section

Current Perspectives

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Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Henriques Figueiredo, Hugo Diniz, Luís Coentrão

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

CKM Syndrome and the Missing Piece: Hemodynamics at the Core of Nephrology. (2025). Portuguese Kidney Journal. https://doi.org/10.71749/pkj.111

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